Copyright on Campus: Fair Use

Fair use is a concept embedded in U.S. law that recognizes that certain uses of copyright-protected works do not require permission from the copyright holder.

(See Title 17, section 107)

The following four factors are used to determine if a use is fair:

1. The purpose of the use (commercial/educational)*
2. The nature of the copyrighted work
3. The amount of the material used (the greater the amount copied, the less likely it is fair use)
4. The effect of use on the potential market for or value of the work

* Not all uses in an academic context are considered fair use!

The Fair Use Doctrine is probably the most important exemption to copyright protections for educational settings, allowing many uses of copyrighted works for the purposes of teaching and research. The complexity of fair use and its importance in academia make it imperative that every member of the PLNU community understands how to make judgements concerning fair use.

Review these Common Scenarios to help you determine whether or not fair use is appropriate.

• Fair Use Checklist: provides a simple overview of fair use considerations.  From the Purdue University Copyright Office.

• Fair Use Analysis Tool: guides users through the process of determining if a use is fair.